MeCCSA and ECREA conference presentations

Posted on September 7, 2026 by Paul Reilly

Last week I presented at the annual Media, Communication and Cultural Studies (MeCCSA) conference at the University of Leicester. I thoroughly enjoyed the panels I attended, catching up with folk (including several from when I worked at Leicester over ten years ago!), and participated in my first MeCCSA pub quiz (‘The Team With No Name’ held their own ;). Many congratulations to Julian Matthews and the team for organising a great conference.

The Sir Bob Burgess building is primed and ready for delegates. MeCCSA 2026 begins tomorrow at the University of Leicester … #meccsa2026@meccsa.bsky.social @deptmedialeic.bsky.social
— Julian Matthews (@julianmatthews1.bsky.social) 2026-09-01T18:50:39.326Z

The abstract for my paper is below:

Social media, entangled conflict memories, and peacebuilding in post-violence societies

Social media are increasingly integral to how we both remember and forget conflict. These highly personalised newsfeeds present a challenge to peacebuilding initiatives in ‘post-violence’ societies. While online platforms provide the architecture for a more inclusive and pluralistic conflict memory politics, they also algorithmically amplify hate speech and mis-and disinformation, that undermines community relations. The durability of collective conflict memories, previously synonymous with physical archives and legacy media coverage, is undermined by the sheer number of agents and platforms involved in its production today. In this paper, I focus on how these entanglements between mnemonic agents and platforms produce conflict memories in post-violence societies like Cyprus and Northern Ireland. I argue that the role of legacy media in providing materials for the public remembrance of conflict has been usurped by digital technologies, which enable users to bear witness to atrocities by searching for and sharing survivor testimonies. What was once a shared reality experienced through ‘mainstream’ media has been replaced by personalized war feeds accessible via apps like TikTok, where the legitimacy of conflicts is contested and their legacies debated. This undoubtedly raises questions about the role of online platforms in curating conflict memory materials, especially when many appear to hide behind ‘free speech’ whilst refusing to remove online hate and misinformation. However, it is expedient for political elites to blame platforms for the persistence of antagonistic modes of remembering conflict rather than address the structural factors and conflict legacy issues that divide communities in post-violence societies.

The slides from my presentation are here

ECREA

This week I am attending the 11th European Communication Conference (ECC2026) in Brno, Czechia. My paper, co-authored with Suay Özkula, draws on our previous systematic review of empirical Digital Activism research. This paper explores how ethics is narrated in DA research to date. We will present some preliminary insights from our systematic review of the literature.

The abstract can be read below:

Non-maleficence without institutional gatekeeping? How ethical issues are addressed in empirical digital activism research

While early studies played down ethical concerns about online research, there has been a shift towards more formal systems governing social media research over the past decade. Institutional regulatory structures like Research Ethics Boards have increasingly scrutinised these projects, with ethics forms becoming ‘gatekeepers’ for how universities organise research culture. There has been a concurrent growth in ethical guidelines for online research from organisations like the Association of Internet Researchers. Yet, there remain doubts as to how seriously ethics is treated in research, above all in studies employing data mining techniques. This is particularly salient for Digital Activism (DA) studies, where activists might be exposed to harm through their identification in publications. In response to this issue, our paper provides a critical discussion of how ethical issues are addressed in empirical DA research. We draw on data gathered from a systematic review of journal articles published between 2009 and 2024. In the first instance, mentions of research ethics were searched in protest literature more broadly (N= 264) and then in DA articles specifically (N=59). Coding categories included how ethics were narrated (e.g., popular approaches or the mention of formal procedures) as well as what attributes characterised articles discussing research ethics, for example the platform(s) studied, method(s) of data collection and analysis, authors’ institutional affiliations and their respective disciplines. We tested specifically whether empirical DA research included ethics statements i.e. outlining whether ethics approval had been obtained prior to the study beginning and what measures were taken to protect participants, and whether articles were more likely to address ethical issues if they drew on traditional rather than digital data sources. Results indicate that very few DA articles published during this period included ethics statements. Nevertheless, there was much evidence of non-maleficence in the corpus, including those studies using digital methods. These are often rendered opaque by the submission requirements of journals and the norms of certain disciplines.

Our paper is scheduled for Thursday 10th (11:15), in room K2:200.

If you are at the conference this week please do say hi – looks like a great programme!

New Article Reveals Geographic Disparities in Digital Activism

Posted on December 10, 2024 by Paul Reilly

New article out in Social Media + Society

Suay Özkula and I have published an article in Social Media + Society. Entitled ‘Where is the Global South? Northern Visibilities in Digital Activism Research’, this paper draws on the results of a review of 315 articles published between 1994 and 2018.

The abstract can be read below:

The seemingly global nature of English-language hashtags often obscures activism from outside the Global North (GN). This systematic review explores geographic representation in this field (N = 315 articles) through an investigation of case study location, author affiliation, methods of data collection and analysis, and researched social media platforms. The results show a preponderance of GN/Majority cases and non-region-specific social media groupings such as hashtag publics, particularly in research employing digital methods. As such, extant research in the field has disproportionately produced what we term Northern Visibilities—groups and movements based in GN countries (above all the United States) and platforms popular within them. We use the findings of the review to critically interrogate notions of the Global South in digital social research and provide recommendations for rectifying geopolitical underrepresentation and promoting more inclusive research practice.

Many thanks to the editors, reviewers, and the SM+S team for their help in getting this out. We would also like to thank Jenny Hayes for her earlier work on this project.

The article can be downloaded and read for free here.

Look out for further details on the study in the New Year!

Paper at AoIR annual conference, University of Sheffield

Posted on October 29, 2024 by Paul Reilly

This week marks the annual Association of Internet Researchers annual conference, held at the University of Sheffield (30 October-2 November).

My paper, co-authored with Suay Özkula, draws on our systematic review of empirical Digital Activism research between 2011 and 2018. We focus on how activists and social movements within the so-called Global South are represented within the field.

The abstract can be read in full here.

If you are at the conference this week please do say hello to Suay – looks like a great programme!

Presenting two papers at 10th European Communication Conference, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Posted on September 23, 2024 by Paul Reilly

10th ECREA ECC, Ljulbljana, 24-27 September

This week I am presenting two papers at ECREA’s 10th European Communication Conference, held at the University of Ljubljana (24-27 September).

My first paper is entitled ‘Watching over the watchers? Ethical dilemmas in qualitative studies of sousveillance on YouTube. Drawing on my previous work on ‘The Battle of Stokes Croft‘ and the union flag protests, I critique the notion that unaware participants are ‘fair game’ in online research. The abstract can be read in full here.

My second paper, co-authored with Suay Özkula, draws on our systematic review of empirical Digital Activism research between 2011 and 2018. We focus on how activists and social movements within the so-called Global South are represented within the field. The abstract can be read in full here.

If you are at the conference this week please do say hi – looks like a great programme!

Awarded Top Faculty Paper by International Communication Association ACSJ Group

Posted on June 21, 2024 by Paul Reilly

Suay Melisa Özkula and I were honoured to receive an award at the annual International Communication Association (ICA) conference in Australia today. Our paper ‘Where is the Global South? A Systematic Review of Regional Visibilities in Digital Activism Research’ received the Top Faculty Paper from the ICA’s Activism, Communication and Social Justice Interest Group.

Many thanks to the reviewers and the ACSJ team (Rasha, Hanan and Betty) for the award.

If you are at #ICA24 you can see Suay present our paper as part of the Digital Activism and Social Justice panel on Monday (3:00 PM – 4:15 PM; Surfer’s Paradise 1 Star L3).

Suay picking up our award at the ACSJ Business Meeting!

The abstract for the paper can be read below:

Where is the Global South? A Systematic Review of Regional Visibilities in Digital Activism Research

Recent scholarship has problematised the dominance of the Global North within communication research and called for de-westernisation to incorporate more cosmopolitan perspectives (Badr & Ganter, 2021; Bosch, 2022; Waisbord, 2022). While some scholars argue that a ‘decolonial turn’ in digital media research is occurring (Couldry &Mejia, 2021), it remains unclear whether this is also the case in digital activism (abbreviated: DA) research. Extant scholarship suggests that ‘Western’ social media platforms and activism from Global North countries are over-represented within the field (e.g., Mahl et al., 2022; Ruess et al., 2021) including in research methods applied in these (Bosch, 2022; Schoon et al., 2020). This has, for example, been problematised within African (Moyo & Mutsvairo, 2018, Wasserman, 2018) and Latin-American contexts (Gómez-Cruz, et al., 2023; Medrado & Rega, 2023).

Other studies have drawn attention to the western-centric nature of information and communication technologies, as demonstrated by the countries from which their providers or designers originate (Arora, 2019). Much of this critical research has framed these digitally mediated exploitations as a manifestation of ‘data colonialism’, a concept describing how user data are processed at scale to produce economic value (Couldry & Mejias, 2021, 2019). In the same vein, cognate theories of databased geographies’ (Arora, 2019), ‘technocolonialism’ (Madianou, 2022), and ‘neocolonial media culture’ (Bosch, 2022, p. 299) illustrate how the growth of “big data” has often been linked to the exploitation of those residing in the Global South as knowledge about those regions is typically produced through the lens and paradigms of the Global North.

The evolution of ‘digital methods’ should theoretically create more opportunities for DA research on the Global South. These are typically software-based methods that draw on natively digital objects, methods, and data (Rogers, 2019; Venturini et al., 2018). However, it remains to be seen whether their use correlates with more representative DA research. The often prohibitive cost of these software packages, as well as their configuration for the study of “Western” social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter/X, and Instagram, suggest that they may primarily intended for privileged Global North researchers.

While previous meta-analyses and systematic reviews have explored either the relationship between ICTs and political engagement (e.g. Ruess et al., 2021; Boulianne et al., 2023) or the platforms being studied in DA research (anonymised), there has been no research to date exploring the geographic foci of empirical DA research, including in relation to digital methods specifically. This paper sets out to address this gap by presenting the results of a systematic review of DA research published between 2011 and 2018 (N=315). Specifically, it explores the representation of Global South and semi-periphery case studies in DA journal articles, the methods and platforms that feature in this body of research, and where the author(s) were based at the time of publication.

Chapter on Mary Beard Twitterstorm published

Posted on August 1, 2023 by Paul Reilly

Social movements and everyday acts of resistance, Routledge 2023.

Last week I received my copy of Social Movements and Everyday Acts of Resistance, a fantastic new book co-edited by Stamatis Poulakidakos, Anastasia Veneti, and Maria Rovisco.

Ceri Ashwell and I have a chapter in the book based on our work on the Mary Beard Twitterstorm (see here for an article we previously published in Information, Communication & Society).

The title and abstract for the chapter are below:

Resisting (everyday) racism on social media: Analysing responses to the 2018 Mary Beard Twitter-storm

Big tech companies like Twitter have often been accused of not doing enough to address online hate speech. The algorithms and designs of social media have facilitated new forms of platformed racism in countries such as Australia and the United Kingdom (UK). While they undoubtedly amplify cyber hate, these online platforms also constitute important spaces in which people of colour (PoC), and their allies, can challenge colorblind racism and white privilege within contemporary societies. This chapter uses the 2018 Mary Beard Twitterstorm to explore how Twitter is used by activists to both highlight and counteract these tropes. The Cambridge scholar was heavily criticised by anti-racist activists for a tweet which appeared to condone the sexual misconduct of Oxfam aid workers in Haiti following an earthquake in January 2010. Her reference to the difficulty of ‘sustaining civilised values’ in the disaster zone was considered prima facie evidence of her whiteness and privilege. Researchers of colour, such as Beard’s Cambridge colleague Dr. Priya Gopal used the tweet to reflect on the ‘casual racism’ they experienced working in UK Higher Education institutions. These acts of resistance towards racial inequality and injustice within the academy led to Gopal herself being subject to much abuse and trolling from Beard’s supporters. This paper sets out to explore whether these acts of resistance can facilitate informal learning about issues pertaining to white privilege and frailty in countries such as the UK. It does so by reviewing the literature on social media and whiteness, providing background on the Mary Beard Twitterstorm, and presenting the results of a qualitative content analysis of 1718 unique tweets containing ‘Mary Beard’, posted between 16 and 20 February 2018. Results indicate that there were nearly twice as many tweets criticising the Cambridge scholar for perpetuating white privilege and frailty than defending her tweet. While many of these tweets were agonistic rather than antagonistic in nature, there was little sign that those talking about the controversy on the site were reflecting on their own white privilege. The burden of talking about these issues fell on the few PoC in the study, who were invariably singled out for abuse by Beard’s supporters. Nevertheless, this study demonstrates the crucial role of opinion leaders such as Gopal in leading difficult conversations about racism and whiteness online.

Many thanks to Stamatis, Anastasia and Maria for the invitation to participate and their hard work in pulling together such a great book on social movements and activism.

The book can be ordered here. If you would like a preprint copy of our chapter then please contact me (paul.reilly@glasgow.ac.uk).

Paper presented at Technology in Movement, Movement in Technology conference

Posted on May 9, 2023 by Paul Reilly

This afternoon (9 May) Suay Özkula and I will be presenting a paper based on our systematic review of digital activism research. This builds on our paper published in Information, Communication & Society last year, which found a preponderance of Twitter studies in digital activism research between 2011 and 2018.

For further information on the study, please feel free to contact us.

The abstract can be read below:

Where exactly is the Global South? Exploring Northern visibilities in digital activism research

The seemingly global nature of hashtag activism makes it difficult to assess what regions are being studied in digital activism research and the extent to which this scholarship is subject to ‘digital bias’ (Marres, 2017). This is of particular concern to scholars who have problematised the dominance of ‘Western’, Global North actors in digital media research whilst also calling for internet research methods to become de-westernised, internationalised, or decolonised (e.g. Badr & Ganter, 2021; Bosch, 2022; Milan & Treré, 2019; Karam & Mutsvairo, 2022; Mutsvairo, 2019; Schoon et al., 2020). While some argue that a ‘decolonial turn’ in digital media research is belatedly occurring (Couldry and Mejia, 2021), questions remain about whether similar trends are evident in digital activism research.

In response to this issue, this paper explores geographic representation in digital activism research. The corpus for the systematic review was created by running queries spanning 21 relevant keywords describing digitally enabled activism on the Scopus database. The final corpus consisted of 315 articles published between 2011 and 2018, which was tested on a range of attributes including methodological approaches and factors for evaluating regionality with a focus on regionally disadvantaged communities (towards capturing “Global South” and semi-periphery regions), incl.: case study origin and location, author affiliation, regional foci of the publishing journals, and researched digital/ social media platform (as tied to specific user demographics).

Results indicate that Global North and non-region specific campaigns dominated digital activism research during this period, particularly in articles featuring digital data. As such, extant research in the field has disproportionately produced what we term Northern Visibilities – privileged demographics & popular platforms of the “Global Majority” (i.e. Global North and privileged economies), above all in research applying software-based approaches.

The paper concludes by outlining a number of epistemological provocations around the extent to which the methods and methodological instruments researchers choose affect which social groups they capture or potentially omit as demographics may become diffused over multiple spaces and language contexts. Challenges in capturing Global South and semi-periphery communities apply, above all, in computational approaches as these are often based on high visibility as well as the API access options platforms provide. This means that researchers may need to rethink (a) where (e.g. which platform spaces) and how disadvantaged and less visible social groups are represented online, (b) which precise social groups digital social research is meant to capture, (c) gaps in digital activism research, above all in relation to “unheard” groups, as well as (d) what these skewed representations mean for inclusive research practice.

References:

Badr, H., & Ganter, S. (2021). Towards Cosmopolitan Media and Communication Studies: Bringing Diverse Epistemic Perspectives into the Field. Global Media Journal-German Edition, 11(1). https://www.globalmediajournal.de/index.php/gmj/article/view/195

Bosch, T. (2022). Decolonizing Digital Methods. Communication Theory, 32(2), 298-302.

Couldry, N., & Mejias, U. A. (2021). The decolonial turn in data and technology research: what is at stake and where is it heading?. Information, Communication & Society, 1-17.

Karam, B., & Mutsvairo, B. (2022). Decolonising Political Communication in Africa: Reframing Ontologies (p. 254). Taylor & Francis.

Marres, N. (2017). Digital sociology: The Reinvention of Social Research. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Milan, S., & Treré, E. (2019). Big data from the South (s): Beyond data universalism. Television & New Media, 20(4), 319-335.

Mutsvairo, B. (2019). Challenges facing development of data journalism in non-western societies. Digital Journalism, 7(9), 1289-1294.

Schoon, A., Mabweazara, H. M., Bosch, T., & Dugmore, H. (2020). Decolonising digital media research methods: Positioning African digital experiences as epistemic sites of knowledge production. African Journalism Studies, 41(4), 1-15.

New article published on how Twitter was used during July 2016 ‘coup’ in Turkey

Posted on March 23, 2023 by Paul Reilly

Semra Demirdis, Stefania Vicari and I have had an article published on how Twitter was used to mobilise hashtag publics during the July 2016 ‘coup’ in Turkey. Based on Serra’s recently completed PhD, we found that the microblogging site was used to promote government propaganda during these events, with frequent calls being made for citizens to protect Turkish democracy or side with the ‘enemies of the nation’. Many thanks to First Monday for publishing this piece and congratulations to Semra on her first publication!

The article can be read here

Paper presented at 72nd Annual International Communication Association conference

Posted on May 30, 2022 by Paul Reilly

72nd International Communication Association conference, 26-30 May 2022

Suay Özkula (Trento), Jenny Hayes (Sheffield) and I are presenting a paper at the ICA Conference in Paris today (30 May). This paper builds on our systematic review of digital activism research, which was recently published in Information, Communication & Society.

Entitled Easy Data, same old platforms?, the slides can be read below:

View this document on Scribd

Dr Paul Reilly

Communication expert, researcher and lecturer

Tag Archives: digital activism

Paper at AoIR annual conference, University of Sheffield

Presenting two papers at 10th European Communication Conference, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Awarded Top Faculty Paper by International Communication Association ACSJ Group

Paper presented at Technology in Movement, Movement in Technology conference

Paper presented at 72nd Annual International Communication Association conference